Executive function (EF) skills are the cognitive processes that power you to achieve a goal — whether that’s starring in the school musical or getting to class on time. EF skills help us break down a big goal into actionable steps and then transition between those steps smoothly. ADHD brains often struggle with EFs, but, as educators, we can help our students fortify these skills, which are essential in school and in life.
One of the best ways to support executive functioning is by establishing “lead dominoes.” A lead domino is an action or routine that will make other things in our life fall into place. It kicks off a chain reaction of desired outcomes.
Domino #1: Movement
Brain scans show that, after 20 minutes of movement, the brain is active and ready to learn. The positive effects last for two to three hours after exercise — attention is improved, memory is enhanced, and the endorphins released during physical activity decrease levels of stress and anxiety.
Teachers worry that, if kids get up to move, it will be hard to rein them in again. The solution is to use multiple modalities, like ringing a bell and giving verbal instructions, to prompt them to return quickly from the break. Practicing this in advance will also help.
How to Do It
- Take a stand. Instead of raising hands, have students stand to ask or answer questions.
- Walk and talk. Hold walking office hours. An added benefit: it’s less intimidating for students.
- Take bite-sized breaks. Watch five-minute-long YouTube movement videos between subjects.
[Free Download: 4 Secrets to Motivating Students with ADHD]
Domino #2: Self-Advocacy
Each student must learn to approach the teacher in a kind and non-entitled way to advocate for their needs. Self-advocacy is a transferable skill that is important for higher education, job interviews, and relationships.
How to Do It
- Role-play. Build confidence by rehearsing the conversation with students.
- Spell it out. In your online portal, include a how-to section that details your expectations and preferred methods for student communication.
- Model an email. Begin the school year by teaching students how to write a clear email to their teachers, asking for help or supports. Have them save this draft to copy, paste, and update as needed.
Domino #3: Organize Online Resources
Students with executive function deficits struggle to weave through various portals or pages to find scattered information. Take the time to thoughtfully organize your portal so students and parents will be able to answer their own questions and utilize all of your resources.
This approach requires an upfront investment of time, but you will field fewer messages from confused students in the long run. It also encourages them to be independent.
[Read: 3 Digital Skills That Ease Learning (and Life) for Students with ADHD]
How to Do It
- Get feedback. Test the clarity of your syllabus by showing it to a disorganized friend and asking them to navigate it.
- Be predictable. Routine is helpful, so make discussion posts due every Tuesday or vocab sheets due every Friday.
- Use consistent labels: Eliminate confusion by using consistent terms for assignments in your portal and your gradebook.
Stacking Habits for ADHD Students: Next Steps
- Free Series: ADHD @ School — A Class for Parents
- Free Download: Your Guide to Solving Disorganization at School
- Read: How to Sharpen Executive Functions — Activities to Hone Brain Skills
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Updated on October 1, 2025