Many times an individual with ADHD has other disorders as well, such as a learning disability, another psychological problem such as depression or anxiety, or a developmental disorder such as Asperger's. I thought it might be interesting to list some of the possible and/or common comorbidities (the psychological term for having more than one disorder). This is by no means an exhaustive list but it is some that I am aware of.

1. 1. Depression or dysthymia (milder form of depression)
      1. Anxiety disorders such as:

GAD (Generalized anxiety disorder), Social anxiety, Specific phobias, Separation anxiety, OCD (Obssessive Compulsive Disorder)

1. 1. 1. 1. Bipolar I or II
         2. Childhood onset Bipolar Disorder
         3. Oppositional Defiant Disorder
            1. Conduct Disorder
            2. Learning Disabilities (various types)
            3. Tourette's syndrome
            4. Autism, including Asperger's disorder
            5. Sensory issues (can't think of the proper name at this time)--individuals can be sensitive to sound, smell, taste, touch, the feel of certain fabrics, tags on clothing, seams on socks, etc.
               1. Substance abuse/dependence
               2. Borderline Personality Disorder ( although it is listed as a personality disorder, some believe it should be part of the mood disorder spectrum along with depression and Bipolar disorder)

I think it is important to be aware of some of these, especially if something still isn't right when the ADHD is treated or there is a bad reaction to medications. Comorbidities may also exacerbate the ADHD and vice versa. Medication for ADHD may not work properly or may exacerbate other comorbidites.

For example, a child who has depression and ADHD may become more hostile on stimulant medication because the medication unmasks the depression that was hidden with the presence of the ADHD. And depression in children presents itself differently than in adults. Children are more likely to be hostile and irritable with depression, more so than sad.

If anxiety is present, stimulant medication may make the child more anxious and irritable. Stimulant medication can also exacerbate or trigger child onset bipolar disorder. If so, once the bipolar disorder is treated and stabilized, a stimulant medication may be able to be safely added.

Psychology is not an exact science and there are usually no lab or blood tests than can give an accurate diagnosis. So one can go to different psychologists and get a different diagnosis. Misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses are common. Just as different doctors have more experience or knowledge in a particular area, psychologists and psychiatrists are not always as knowledgeable regarding certain disorders. Some psychologists are not trained to recognize adult ADHD although they may be familiar with ADHD as seen in children. They may be knowledgeable about depression and anxiety but not as familiar with learning disabilities.

You know yourself and/or your child best so if something doesn't seem right, get another opinion, educate yourself, and be proactive.

Elaine

Quote